مجله روانشناسی و روانپزشکی شناخت
سال ششم شماره 4 (پیاپی 25، مهر و آبان 1398)

Postpartum depression is one of the main problems in women's general health, which has a significant effect on the health of mother and child.

The general purpose of this study was to compare the executive functions of problem solving and working memory in women with postpartum depression and women without postpartum depression.

The mothers that referred to Tabriz health centers in 1396, were those who came there 30-40 days after their delivery time. 35 people, who were selected by available sampling method and screened by responding to the postpartum depression questionnaire, were placed in two sample groups; 16 mothers with postpartum depression and 19 healthy mothers matching in terms of age and education. The measuring tools included: Computerized test of the Hanoi Tower for problem-solving and N-Back note test for measuring working memory. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA).

The results showed that in executive functions of problem solving and working memory both groups did weaker. It can be said that postpartum depression can create different conditions in terms of cognitive-neurological functions in individuals.

Identifying and understanding these factors can lead to a variety of therapies, in addition to helping them better understanding the disorder.

One of the determinants of family health is marital satisfaction, which spouses experience in marriage.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between personality traits and stress with Internet addiction and marital satisfaction in married women.

The research design was correlational. The statistical population of the study included all married women referred to health centers in district 6 of Tehran, who responded to the Neo personality questionnaire, Enrique marital satisfaction, Young's Internet addiction, and Perceived Stress Scale. Pearson correlation and regression analysis were used to analyze the findings.

Regression analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between personality characteristics of extraversion, conscientiousness, compatibility, and openness with marital satisfaction and there was a significant negative correlation between personality trait psychosis and stress level with marital satisfaction. Also, there is a significant positive correlation between personality traits of psychosis and stress with internet addiction, and there is a significant negative relationship between extraversion, conscientiousness, compatibility and openness with Internet addiction.

There is a significant relationship between personality traits and stress with internet addiction and marital satisfaction.

The loss of one of the family members is causing a disturbance in the balance of the people, and meaning in life is combined with well-being and has an effective role in their ability to cope positively with psychological stresses.

The present study was to determine the effectiveness of Logotherapy training on resilience and psychological well-being of women with mourning experience.

The present study was quasi-experimental and pretest-posttest with control group. The statistical population of this study was women with mourning experience referring to police counseling centers in Tehran in the spring of 1398. 30 subjects were selected using the sampling method and were divided into two groups of 15 subjects. The instruments for collecting the Conner and Davidson resiliency questionnaires and the psychological well-being of the Ryff are. The experimental group in the Logotherapy training sessions for 10 sessions of 90 minutes. For data analysis, covariance analysis was used.

Logotherapy training led to increased resilience and psychological well-being of the experimental group compared to the control group.

Therapists can use Logotherapy as an effective way to improve the resilience and the psychological well-being of people with mournful experience.

Contrast Avoidance model claims that the main fear of individuals with generalized anxiety disorder is a negative emotional contrasts (shifts) and they use worry to create and maintain the negative and stable emotional state, so in this way, they could avoid from a negative emotional contrast. On the other hand, being in a negative emotional state, increases the likelihood of experiencing a positive emotional contrast and negative reinforcement due to a positive emotional contrast, maintains the worry process. the aim of present article is to a brief review on the Contrast Avoidance model, review of the studies supporting its tenets, and comparing the Contrast Avoidance model with present models of worry and generalized anxiety disorder. At the end, research suggestions are presented as future direction for this model.

Since todays education is increasingly student-centred, the individual and social characteristics of students, including the academic resilance of academic self –concept and meta cognitive self regulation, have been increasingly considered in the educational process.

The present study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of teaching self-reguleted metacognitive strategies on resilience components. (with intractive role Academic Self-Concep) of secondary school students in Tabriz.

The research was carried out using a semi-expermental design with pretest and post-testdesign with control group. For this purpose, 60 students with high and under Academic Self-Concep were selected through preliminary study and screening. In a semi- experimental design, they were assigned to two experi-mental and control groups. The collect information of Academic self-concept questionnaire (liu & vang, 2005) and Academic resilience questionnaire (Samuels & Woo, 2009) and to analyze the data, factor multivariate covariance analysis was used.

The results showed that the training of self-reguleted metacognitive strategies the components of has increased the Academic resilience of the academic. And self concept has played a moderating role in Academic resilienc.

Based on the result, it can be said hat by teaching the metacognitive self regulated strategies in their intraction whit the academic self concept, programs can be developed to im prove the Academic resilience. this research has implications for teachers, trainers and school counselors that can use their results to improve students' progress.

Addiction is a social phenomenon whose extent of damage and destruction among community members is much greater than other social damage.  

The present study was conducted to determine the norms of Rorschach test among drug addicts. The statistical population of the present study, addicted drug addicts in addiction treatment centers in Qorveh city in 1396 were to number 30 people who were examined through Rorschach test.

The method of the present research has been Fundamental-Applied in terms of purpose, in terms of strategy, of type descriptive, and in terms of data analysis, was of type content analysis.

The findings of the study showed that drug addicts people had a disorder in the defect in compromise and toleration profiles with an average of 5, Perception-Thinking index with an average of 4 and the index of obsessive-compulsive disorder with an average of 4. EA index with mean of 5, es & Adj es an average of 10, D & Adj D with an average of -1 and EBPer with N/A score had a significant difference with other indices.

The results indicative the presence of stress, obsession, inhibition of emotions, negative introspection, weak social relationships and poor processing of information in them. These people, due to their inflexible thinking and values, have been mistaken in judging and making decisions and take refuge to fantasy for deny reality and facing the annoying position.

Attachment and love are the styles that have primary relationships in the family environment and are regarded as stable and multi-generational factors.

The purpose of this study was to determine the comparison between attachment styles and love styles in couples raised in divorce and normal families.

The method of study was causal-comparative. From all couples who were living in Divandareh city, two groups of 50 Couples raised in a divorce family (25 females and 25 males) and 50 Couple raised in a normal family (25 females and 25 males) were selected through available sampling method. The Collins & Reid's (1990) attachment Styles and the Hendrick & Hendrik (1969) love styles Scale were used as tools of investigation. multivariate analysis of variance and Pearson correlation coefficient tests were used for analyzing data.

The results showed that there are significant differences between attachment Styles and love style mean scores in couples raised in divorced and normal families. Generally, mean scores of Safe, avoidant attachment styles and showy, erotic love styles were higher in the couples raised in divorced families than the couples raised in normal families. While, couples raised in normal families gain-ed significantly higher scores in anxious attachment style, romantic, friendly and sacrificial love Styles in comparison to the couples raised in divorced families.

Attachment and love styles play an important role in the family stability and sustainability of this social institution, and this needs to be addressed in prenatal and divorce counseling centers.

Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder that its etiology has not been determined definitively. The studies that have been conducted on the characteristics of relatives of people with ASD have shown that relatives of people with ASD have a subthreshold of this disorder symptom.

The present study was aimed to compare executive functions among parents of children with and without autism spectrum disorder. The statistical population included the parents of children with and without autism spectrum disorder in Sanandaj city.

The sample consisted of 30 parents of children with autism spectrum disorders (11 males and 19 females) and 30 parents of children without autism spectrum disorders (10 males and 20 females) that selected and matched by available sampling. In order to gather data, cognitive abilities questionnaire (Nejati, 2012) was used and data were analyzed by MANOVA.

The results indicated that differences in mean of inhibitory control and selective attention (P<0.05), decision making (P<0.001), planning (P<0.001), sustained attention (P<0.001) and cognitive flexibility (P<0.001) among parents of children with and without autism spectrum disorder were significant.

The results of this study support the broader autism phenotype and autism spectrum disorder continuum hypothesis. In addition, findings show that pay attention to the psychological qualities of parents of children with ASD is the important.

The spiritual health is the most important socio-cultural factors that related to mental health.

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between mental health and spiritual health in students of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences in 2014.

The study was descriptive- correlative. The participants were of 436 436 freshman students. The questionnaires includes demographic information, Palutzian Spiritual Health Questionnaire (20 item) that 10 questions measure religious health and 10 questions measure existential health. mental health was measured by GHQ-28 ( somatic symptoms, anxiety symptoms, the symptoms of social dysfunction and depression)with cutoff point of 23. Data were analyzed, by using 22 SPSS statistical software and Pearson correlation, t-test and one way ANOVA.

63/5% of students were female and 91/7% of the students were single. Nearly 72% of them were 20-18 years. 58/9% of the participants were native,67/3% have high spiritual health, 95/2%with high religious health and84/2% have elevated their health.87/2% of participants had sufficient mental health and12/8% were suspected of mental vulnerability. Although there was a significant relationship between religious health and health with mental health (P 0<001).

The higher spiritual health, psychological trauma will be less. In other words, we can use the spiritual health of the students as a predictor of mental crisis in them.

New trend in virtue ethics focuses on personal trait and motivation to highlight the important role of perceptive and motivational aspect of emotions.

The goal of present research was showed the line to facilitate moral virtues into personal identity by focusing on potentials of nostalgia.  The question of the present study is that nostalgia as a non-moral emotion has which relation to the importance of moral virtues.

Method of research was correlational study and PhD and graduate students of Shiraz University were the statistical society of this research. 71 students participated in this research. Participants responded to event reflection manipulation (Wildschut et al., 2006), Moral identity scale (Aquino & Reed, 2002) and Nostalgia inventory (Batcho,1995). To analyze of data using SPSS 19, Amos and calculator of composite reliability depend on Raykov s formula (1997).

  The result showed that nostalgia was significant positive predictor for internalizing and symbolizing.

The results showed that nostalgia is a positive predictor for internalizing moral values in the individual's self-concept, and also predicting the representation and social pretense as a person who carries some values. Probability, Nostalgia is associated with a kind of emotional regulation and other importance in the person's life, which facilitates the strong moral identity by integration of self and openness to other.

Mental health of the community is one of the focus of the health assessment of various communities, which is influenced by the quality of life and is now of great importance among the disabled.

This study aimed to determine was to investigate the prevalence of social networks in disabled people and their impact on mental health in Sanandaj city.

In a cross-sectional study, Individual questionnaires and General Health Standard (GHQ-28) were completed among the disabled. Finally, 400 disabled people were completed the questionnaires. Statistical analysis like T-test and Chi-square or Fisher were used

There is a significant relationship between social networks Facebook, WhatsApp, Tango, Telegram and Line with mental health of the disabled (p <0.05) as well as the number of hours of using the Internet with mental health (p <0.05).

The use of social networks has a positive impact on the mental health of the disabled. As a result, it is imperative to inform the use of social networks, types of networks and the benefits and disadvantages of it.

According to human studies, mental and psychological problems have an irreversible impact on the human. Today, Hypnosis is one of the treatments in many areas of medical science and psychotherapy. Specialists in this field used this treatment to improve patient`s therapy.

the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of hypnotherapy on the reduction of psychological and physical problems.

This is review article and survey some past studies conducted on the effects of hypnotherapy on the reduction of psychological and psychological problems.

 finding showed that is usefull in reducing the patient`s problem.

The results have shown that hypnosis has the potential to be effective in reducing various problems in various physical and mental disorder. Therefore, hypnosis can be considered as one of the effective therapies for disorders.